Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle Essay Example

Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle Paper In this essay I shall be looking at: †¢ The rise of Naturalism as an art form in the theatre †¢ Anton Chekhov and the first production of The Seagull. †¢ The origins of the Moscow Arts Theatre The research methods I used were primarelly web bassed with refrences taken from various books as well. The rise of Naturalism [1]There are three relevant senses of naturalism, and of the associated naturalist and naturalistic. The first, and most popular, indicates a method of accurate or lifelike reproduction. The second, and historically earliest, indicates a philosophical position allied to science, natural history and materialism. The third, and most significant in the history of drama, indicates a movement in which the method of accurate production and the specific philosophical position are organically and usually consciously fused. Raymond Williams Naturalism started in France in the 1870’s. Naturalism is a style in theatre that tries to bring a sense of reality to the stage through various methods, detailed sets, an unpoetic literary style that reflects the way real people speak, and a style of acting that tries to recreate reality often by trying to get the actor to have a complete identification with the role they are playing. We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Later Konstantin Sergeyevich Alekseyev (who took the stage name Stanislavsky) came up with a system of actor training which went hand in hand with Naturalism. The main spokesman for naturalism when it first emerged was Emile Zola, he wrote mostly novels and wanted to reform the way they were written he also wanted to reform the play. Zola’s first major statement about naturalism was in his novel, Therese Raquin, which was first brought to the stage in 1873. The preface of Therese Raquin stated his views about naturalism in the theatre and in the novel. He felt that the theatre was years behind the novel and suffered from old and outdated conventions. Zola didn’t like the distortion of psychology to create sympathy for a character or unrealistic writing with complicated plots that usually ended with a satisfying resolution. In its place, Zola wanted plays which would avoid the complications and unbelievable plots and characters typical of the l9th Century and substitute the depiction of human beings caught in the coils of fate. ‘Therese Raquin would seem today far from naturalistic. It would appear to be more of a melodramatic story about love and murder and betrayal, and suicide brought on by conscience. A pair of lovers commits murder in order to be together. The focus is seemingly on the nature of the consciences of Laurent and Therese. In the third act we see the mounting remorse of the two conspirators. But the final scene is pure melodrama: Mme. Raquin enters, overhears their confession of Camilles murder and is stricken with paralysis. The last act returns to exploration of their consciences and it is conscience and exposure that drive them to their suicides. The play ran only nine performances. ’ [2] Even though Therese Raquin wouldn’t be considered completely naturalistic it was the first real venture into naturalism and it is hard to have a play that is completely naturalistic even today. Therese Raquin was on for nine performances after that Zola ended up with a lot of followers who were passionate about his new style of theatre. When naturalism first came about there was a lack of good naturalistic plays which could were able to incompise all of its principles. Henri Becque captured the essence of naturalism in two of his plays, The Vultures (1882) and La Parisienne (1885). But Becque refused to comply with suggested changes when the shows were first produced in a conservative theatre, so naturalism was still not really accepted. The Independent Theatre Movement or the Theatre Libre was started in 1858 Andre Antoine. It was a means to make Naturalism more acceptable by the public. Antoine became known as the father of naturalistic staging. He had very little acting or theatre experience. When he wanted to produce a dramatization of a Zola novel, the amateur groups refused so he founded the Theatre Libre. His initial shows were a success and by the end of 1887 he was famous. The Theatre Libre used a subscription basis for its patrons and the productions were open only two members so the theatre was exempt from censorship. This meant they were able to put on a lot of plays that had been refused licenses in other theatres. He continued to work in the theatre until 1914. As well as pushing the naturalistic styles the Theatre Libre also began producing foreign work usually two or three a year, which opened up a world theatre to France. Zolas successor as theoretical spokesperson for naturalism was the less well known Jean Jullien (1854-1919). His play The Serenade was introduced by the Theatre Libre in 1887. Antoine’s production techniques were considered very innovative. The theatre was not without its problems, as actors became well-known, they left the company. Antoine’s high standards left him always in debt and his theatre did only three performances of any production. By 1894, Antoine left the Theatre Libre and opened the Theatre Antoine in Paris in 1897. His influence to the acceptance of naturalism and realism was huge and he also helped in the development of the independent theatre movement. The preface Therese Raquin notes on naturalism:[3] †¢ Either the theatre will die or it will become modern and naturalistic. †¢ Tragedy must disappear. †¢ [the] moral impersonality of a work is all-important, for it raises the question of morality. †¢ I am simply an observer, who states the facts†¦ †¢ In history, in criticism, the study of facts and surroundings replaces the old scholastic rules. In the purely literary works, nature intervenes and reigns with Rousseau man is no 1onger an intellectual abstractor; nature determines and completes him The century belongs to the naturalists, to the direct sons of Diderot †¢ I am waiting for someone to put a man of flesh on the stage, taken from reality, scientifically analyzed, and described without one lie. I am waiting for someone to rid us of fictitious characters, of these symbols of virtue and vice which have no worth as human data. I am waiting for environment to determine the characters and the ch aracters to act according to the logic of facts combined with logic of their own disposition. Naturalism usually looked at some of the more degraded aspects of lower class life. Zola was greatly influenced by Claude Bernards Introduction to Experimental Medicine. It was study of the effects of environment on bodily organs and changes in body chemistry on behavior. In Zolas The Experimental Novel he tried to apply Bernards methods to literature. He compared the writer to the doctor, who seeks the causes of disease so that he can cure it-not hiding infection, but bringing it into the open where it can be examined. In like manner, the dramatist should seek out social ills and reveal them so they can be corrected. There should no longer be any school, no more formulas, no standards of any sort; there is only life itself, an immense field Where each may study and create as he likes [4] He believed that a dramatist should never allow his own prejudices to intrude, but only observe, record and experiment and that way a playwright would be able to look at any subject and get to the truth of it. And there are a number playwrights, some often overlooked, who contribu ted greatly to the movement, some consciously, some unconsciously, among whom are Ibsen and Strindberg. Anton Chekhov and the first production of The Seagull Anton Chekov was the son of a grocer and the grandson of a serf. He was born on January seventeenth 1860 in Taganrog, a provincial town on the Sea of Azov in southern Russia. To be a serf in Russian was the same as being a slave you would be sonsidered the lowest of the low. Chekhov was the third son of Pavel Egorovich Chekhov and Evgeniya Yakovlevna. When Chekhov was sixteen, his father fled to Moscow to escape debtors he owed for his failed grocery business. His mother followed her husband to Moscow in July of that year with her younger children, leaving Chekhov behind in Taganrog to finish school and to tutor the nephew of the man who bought their estate for an unfairly cheap price (which is a theme which would later appear in his play’s). Chekhov used to write stories for a magazine that he created with his brother. In 1879 Chekhov moved to Moscow to attend medical school and published his first short story, The Letter from the Don Landowner Stephen Vladimirovich N. to his Learned Neighbor Dr. Friederick. He continued to publish stories until he graduated medical school in 1884. He wrote The Seagull in 1895. It was first performed in 1896 in Petersburg at the Alexandrinsky Theatre. The first performance was viewed as a failure since it generated the disappointment of the audience who had come to see the play as it was falsely advertised, as a benefit performance for a well-known actress who was only in a sketch after the play. The audience booed and shouted during the performance. Vera Komissarzhevskaya, who some considered the best actor in Russia, and who, according to Chekhov, had moved people to tears as Nina in rehearsal, was intimidated by the hostile audience and lost her voice. 5] The next day, Chekhov, who had taken refuge backstage for the last two acts the night before, announced that he was finished with writing plays. Supporters assured him that later performances would be more successful. The Seagull impressed the playwright Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, however, who said Chekhov should have won the Griboyedev prize that year instead of himsel f. And it was Nemirovich-Danchenko who convinced Konstantin Stanislavski to direct the play for the new Moscow Arts Theatre. [6] Moscow Art Theatre We cannot look at the origns of the Moscow arts theatre without first looking at Stanislavski. Stanislavski is the most signifacent and one of the most important figuers in the history of actor training. He was born Konstantin Sergeyevich Alekseyev in Moscow to a rich family who were textile manufacturares. He took the stage name Stanislavski early in his career. Stanislavski’s mother was the daughter of a famous french actress and the familly were passionate about theatre. In 1877 Stanislavski’s father convertid a barn in there estate in Moscow into a small theatre. It was here that Stanislavski first performed to an audience. Later one of the large rooms of there Alekseev town house was converted too. Stanislavski’s brother and sisters created the Alekseev Circle, and they staged the Russian premiere of Gilbert and Sullivans Mikado which got good critical press. At fourteen Stanislavski started to keep a notebook to analyse his problems with acting (Which he kept and updated untill his death in 1938). He tried to improve his techneque as an actor all the time, he enrolled at a drama school when he was twenty one but only stayed for two weeks because he fealt he was only being tought how to imitate other actors. In 1887 Stanislavski founded the Sociaty of Art and Litrature at the Maly Theatre. This is where he started to get his skills as a director, stagecraft and at the same time develop what would soon become the Stanislavski System. The Stanislavskys System focused on the development of realistic characters and stage. In 1897 he decided to create a professional company, he was by now one of the leading actors and directors around. He wanted to create a new style of theatre and at the same time two new styles were emerging which fit into the reforms he wanted to bring about for the actor, Raelism and Naturalism. He was contacted by Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko who was a leading dramatist and critic who shared his ideals. Together they created the Moscow Art Theatre. Its purpose was to establish a theatre of new art forms, with a fresh approach to thatre. Stanislavski was to have control over stage direction while Nemirovich-Danchenko was assigned the literary and administrative duties. The original ensemble was made up of amateur actors from the Society of Art and Literature and from the dramatic classes of the Moscow Philharmonic Society, where Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko had taught, they were also influenced by the German Meiningen Company. After around 70 rehearsals, the Moscow Art Theatre opened with Aleksey Tolstoys Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich in October 1898. For its fifth production it staged Anton Chekhovs The Seagull. With its revival of The Seagull, the Art Theatre not only achieved its first major success but also began a long artistic association with one of Russias most celebrated playwrights, in Chekhovs artistic realism. The theatre discovered a writer suited to its aesthetic sensibilities. In The Seagull, as in all of Chekhovs plays, the Art Theatre emphasized the subtext, the underlying meaning of the playwrights thought. Artistically, the Art Theatre tried all that was new. Its repertoire included works of Maksim Gorky, L. N. Andreyev, Leo Tolstoy, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Gerhart Hauptmann, and it staged works of political and social significance as well as satires, fantasies, and comedies. The first six years were the most creative. Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko and Stanislavski started to argue over the future policy of the theatre and Stanislavski was going through a personal crises as well as he fealt he had stopped being creative as an actor. He fealt that he had become very mechanical and that he had nothing really to communicate to the actor. It was out of this personal crises that the ‘system’ was born. Stanislavski fealt that he had masterd the outer actions of his performances such as external moves and spacial awairness and relationships but what he wanted was to be able to controle his inner actions. The problem he faced was how could he envoke and controle emotons. Surviving the Russian Revolution of 1905 he begun his work on the system in 1906 using the notebook materiel he had amassed over the years. His ideas didn’t get accepted straight away in the Moscow Arts Theatre or in general. By 1911 the system was declared the official acting method of the Moscow Arts Centre. At this stage the relationship between Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko and Stanislavski was worse than ever before. Stanislavski’s search for new creative ideas all the time was at odds with his colleagues who wanted stability with what they thought was a working formula that had brught them success. The next Russian Revolution of 1917 was another close call and aparintly Lenin and and A. V. Lunacharsky, intervened to protect them from any harm. In 1922 the Art Theatre toured Europe and the United States, garnering critical acclaim wherever it performed. Returning to Moscow in 1924, the theatre continued to produce new Soviet plays and Russian classics until its evacuation in 1941. In 1922-24 the theatre went on tour to Paris and to the United States where it caused a huge impact especially to American acting. It presented plays by Tolstoy, Gorky, Tchekhoff and other Russian dramatists in their own language, and they appeared in a large group, more than fifty in all. The American Defense Society protested against their entrance on the theory that they were Communist propagandists, to which Stanislavski answered: ‘It is not so. We have no connection with the Soviet Government. We are interested only in art. It is our art that we have come to bring you, not politics. ’[7] After two successful tours of London in the late 1950s and early 60s the theatre reestablished its preeminence in world theatre. The Art Theatre had a very big influence on theatres all over the world. After the huge impact of the tour one of Boleslawskis students, Lee Strasberg, went on to co-found The Group Theater in 1931 with Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford. It was the first American acting company to put Stanislavskis first discoveries into theatrical practice. Boleslawski had been in Stanislavskys class when he was experimenting with ‘Affective Memory’ (Stanislavski proposed that actors study and experience emotions and feelings and to manifest them to audiences by physical and vocal means). Stanislavskis theory later evolved to rely on Physical Action inducing feelings and emotions. Affective Memory is applied in Stanislavskys System but not as much so as in Lee Strasbergs Method. The Moscow Art Theater School opened in  1943  as  an  affiliation of  the Moscow Art Theater. Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko was the main creator of the school. On  March 21, 1943 the leaders of  the Moscow Art Theater gathered together at  Nemirovich-Danchenko’s apartment. On  April 25, 1943, not long after that meeting took place, Nemirovich-Danchenko passed away, and in  his legacy as  a  teacher and director, he  left behind his  great ideas for the  school. On  April 26, 1943 the Soviet Ministry of  Culture immortalized the name of  the great master in  establishing the theater at  The Moscow Art Theater School, named after Nemirovich-Danchenko. [8] The core of  the acting method taught at  the school was originally the same as was being thought at the Moscow Art Theater,  Stanislavski’s system. They wanted the same sense of  truth and real life on  the stage, the truth of  organic acting. In  1956, emerging from the heart of  the Moscow Art Theater, the Sovremennik (Contemporary) Theater was born. It  was created by  former students who were inspired by  their teachers idea of  bringing a  genuinely human audience to  the theater. The first productions of  this theater were rehearsed in  the Moscow Art Theater School. Bibliography †¢ Wikipedia. com †¢ Stanislavski, Beanedetti. J, Methuen 1998 GB †¢ TheNewYorkTimesOnTheWeb. com †¢ Therese Raquin notes on naturalism †¢ Naturalism in the theatre. co. uk †¢ Moscow arts theatreArt Theatre School History. htm †¢ Benedetti, Stanislavski: An Introduction, p 16-25 †¢ Letter to A. F. Koni, 11 November 1896. Letters of Anton Chekhov. Research †¢ The rise of Naturalism †¢ The Moscow Arts Theatre †¢ Anton Chekhov and the first production of The Seagull. By Aslan Wheeler [1] Social Environment and Theatrical Environment, The Case of English Naturalism 1977 [2] Notes on naturalism in the theatre. com [3] Therese Raquin notes on naturalism [4] Therese Raquin notes on naturalism [5] Letter to A. F. Koni, 11 November 1896. Letters of Anton Chekhov. [6] Benedetti, Stanislavski: An Introduction, p 16-25 [7] TheNewYorkTimesOnTheWeb. com [8] Moscow arts theatreArt Theatre School History. htm

The Importance of Cultural Approaches to Negotiation

The Importance of Cultural Approaches to Negotiation Negotiation occurs when individuals with conflict of the interests get together to determine how they would allocate resources or work together in the future. The ideas of both parties need to be well presented in the negotiation. Both parties should end up with equally benefiting outcomes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Cultural Approaches to Negotiation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Negotiation results in problem solving to a common problem between the parties involved. Contradicting issues arise due to different schools of thought and cultural backgrounds. This is the reason why negotiation needs expertise when handling it. Negotiations in business involve open communication, understanding the conflict and search for the solution by the involved parties. Different cultures approach negotiations differently and thus, utmost understanding is required (Hendon, Hendon Herbig, 1996).The main purp ose of this paper is to discuss the cultural approaches used in negotiations. It will explain five cultural approaches used by the Chinese and their effectiveness if applied in the United States of America. Different cultures approach negotiation differently. This is because of the differences in their traditions and beliefs. Negotiators’ cultural background is reflected during negotiation process through the way they think and are sensitivity to the issues. The approaches used in different cultures have their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the different cultural approaches to negotiations especially when dealing with foreigners. If this is not done it may lead to frustrations of the two parties and this is likely to bring enmity, which is not good for business investors (Hendon, Hendon Herbig, 1996). The Chinese culture is renowned for persistence and coherence. It is rooted in religio-philosophical traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, Con fucianism, Pantheistic and Animist beliefs. Confucianism, for example, is associated with the subtle and tacit but forceful social moral and behavioral code in China. Social harmony is another element of Chinese culture that gives a non-interventionist, outer directed and situation-accepting orientation. This allows the Chinese maintain harmony with their counterparts. Besides this, they place the negotiation on a wider context in understanding of the underlying principles. The Chinese also take responsibility for the decisions made and are less likely to result in overt conflicts during the negotiation.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their culture is also relationship oriented as it values relationships above everything else. Thus, the Chinese negotiators will take negotiation as a relationship building process. In this regard, they ensure that a good relati onship is maintained during and after the negotiation (Li Weldon, 2000). Their cultures require them to be implicit and indirect and this is reflected in their negotiation style. They are more sensitive and practice proper etiquette in their dealings. They are also governed by reciprocity and therefore, they expect concessions in return. In addition, they show patience in their negotiations and more likely to place a negotiation in a historical context. They deal with issues as a package rather than one issue at a time and they are comfortable with long-term negotiations. Another cultural factor is contingency propositions. This means that they display more caution and they are more assertive as well as open to the pursuit of self (Li Weldon, 2000). On the other hand, the objective of American negotiators is to arrive at legalistic contracts. They thrive in getting the details right and using all relationships to facilitate the achievement of unambiguous understandings. They focus on the short-term solution and they are result oriented. They prefer a competitive environment with the intent of solving problems and they expect reciprocity. The law binds them and they honor their contracts no matter the results of the outcome. The Americans negotiate expecting immediate results. They see delays as a sign of ineptitude and they deal with perceived insensitivity. Their tendency to getting straight to the point mostly leads to failures in negotiations (Hendon, Hendon Herbig, 1996). Therefore, there are distinct differences between the American cultural approach to negotiation and the Chinese cultural approach to negotiation. The Chinese approach is humanitarian and if applied in the United States, it is bound to bring about positive changes. However, its effectiveness will solely depend on how this culture is embraced. Most American investors have built their negotiation skills on western culture and it may be a challenge to adopt new changes. However, some of th e Chinese cultural approaches to negotiation are possible to be incorporated into the United States culture (Li Weldon, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Cultural Approaches to Negotiation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, the Chinese’s collective way of thinking will do well if it replaces the American’s individualistic way of thinking. This way, it is possible for an American negotiator to put himself in the shoes of another person and view the negotiation in a broader perspective. The Americans may see the sensitivity with which the Chinese handle negotiations as a weak point but if incorporated in the US culture, it is likely to help build long-term relationships following a negotiation (Lam, 2000). The Americans are always in haste in their business dealings. Adapting the formal long-term relationship building of the Chinese culture at the negotiation table may help them pay close attention to details of the issue and understand their counterparts. It is also possible to replace the impatient and aggressive tendency of the Americans with the more subdued patient spirit of the Chinese. The Americans are result oriented and they are likely to close businesses deal in their favor even if their counterparts get furious over it. This can also be overcome by the Chinese’s long-term perspective, which helps them have better deals and hence become better business investors (Lam, 2000). In conclusion, negotiation skills are shaped by negotiator’s culture. In order to avoid enmity when solving conflicts, the negotiators need to understand each other’s culture. Each culture has its pros and cons when approaching the negotiation table. Therefore, it is the role of the negotiators to learn and appreciate the other parties’ cultures. It is also necessary to incorporate the pros of different cultural approaches to be able to m aximize opportunities in international and national business (Hendon, Hendon Herbig, 1996). References Hendon, D., Hendon, R. Herbig, P. (1996). Cross-Cultural Business Negotiations. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lam, M. (2000). Working With Chinese Expatriates in Business Negotiations: Portraits, Issues, and Applications. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. Li, J., Tsui, A., Weldon, E. (2000). Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers.

Persuasive Topics for High Schoolers’ Speeches

Persuasive Topics for High Schoolers’ Speeches Every persuasive speech starts with a good topic. We decided to make a list of nice persuasive topics, but before we get to it, let’s define what persuasive speeches are and what is the goal of these tasks. First of all, persuasive speeches are aimed to convince an audience to accept a certain point of view. Usually, there are people in your audience who already have an opinion on your topic, so you can either reinforce a popular opinion or refute it. You have to deliver a message or motivate your audience to take some actions. Anyway, high school is the best place to develop your persuasive skills so we suggest taking this task seriously. If you can’t figure out what your speech should be about, we can help your with our list of interesting topics. Many our topics also contain key questions that may give you a hint on what arguments to use. There are topics from various fields, including medicine, education, and social issues. We hope that you will easily find a topic that will be interesting to discuss with other students. High School Persuasive Topics About School Why are exams important for students? You can tell about important knowledge that you get in school and how it can be used after graduation. You can also provide some suggestions on how to become more productive. Field trips and their role in the process of education. Obviously, field trips are aimed to make education fun. What knowledge students can get during such trips? What other benefits do you see? Why we go to college after school? Explain how can students benefit from college and describe what can happen if they don’t go to college. You can give a couple examples of successful people who managed to build their careers without college. What is their secret? Advantages of changing school hours. Every student has his or her biorhythms that may differ from the school schedule. Many if such students feel too tired after school or don’t eat their breakfast at morning because of the rush. What other problems do you see? Why should students use their phones? How can they benefit from using cell phones? Most professors claim that it is a distraction. What do you think about it? iPads and other tablets in high school. What are advantages of tablets over textbooks? How may these devices help students learn better? How to motivate students to use their tablets for studying instead of playing games? Why should educational facilities provide free textbooks? Textbooks become more expensive every year. Think of how much money students spend on their textbooks. Convince your audience to raise funds for some threatened species, for example, Angonoka tortoise or Sumatran rhino. What measures can help us save these animals? What is the biggest danger for them? Female students and makeup. Many teachers shame girls who wear makeup in school. Is it right? Every person has a right to look like he or she wants. Some people have problems with their skin so they wear makeup to feel more confident. What kind of makeup do you consider appropriate for school students? Should students be allowed to listen to music when studying? Provide your audience with necessary facts so they can think whether listening to music is a distraction from studying or something that may help students focus. Persuasive Topics on Medicine for High School How often do we need to wash hands? Why we must wash hands and what happens if we don’t do it? Tell about diseases that spread due to dirty hands. How may washing hands help treat some diseases? Cancer. How can we fight it? Persuade your audience to join the American Cancer Society. Why is it important to stand up against this deadly disease? How such societies help people diagnosed with cancer? Why should students donate plasma? Tell about the use of plasma in various kinds of therapy. Describe benefits of donating plasma and give some examples of how donors saved lives. The role of red wine in preventing stomach ulcers. Provide your audience with information about the use of red wine for fighting bugs that poison food. Does white wine have the same effect? Benefits of healthy food. Describe the main reasons why we need to eat healthy food. List key principles of healthy eating and its role in fighting obesity, anxiety, and other health problems. Benefits of eating potatoes. Describe how potatoes help in lowering blood pressure, fighting obesity, etc. Conduct a research and provide as many facts as you can. Why should people donate their organs? Choose several reliable sources and explain why it’s better to donate your organs in case of a car accident or any other kind of unexpected death. Advantages of free healthcare. Do you think that healthcare should be free? Why? Compare the situation with healthcare before the Affordable Healthcare Act was repealed against the Trump’s healthcare policy. Plastic surgery. Focus on arguments for and against plastic surgery and tell about its history. Tell how plastic surgery is used to help soldiers and people who survived tragic accidents. What are negative sides of plastic surgery? How people use it to improve their self-esteem? Persuade your audience to join the American Red Cross. Tell what internship programs this organization offers students. Describe benefits of joining the Red Cross for their education and careers. Topics on Society for High School Students Cyberbullying. Why should we fight against it? Provide your audience with statistical data on children who become victims of cyberbullying. How bullying affects their self-esteem and psychological condition? You can also mention cases of cyberbullying among adults. How can it be stopped? Crime among juveniles. How should they be sentenced? Explain why they are sentenced as adults and how it can affect their future. Do IQ tests really reflect the level of somebody’s intelligence? Find reliable sources and provide your audience with information on alternative tests. Explain what tests are more accurate and why. Do we need to protect freedom of speech on the internet? Consider sexist, racist, and homophobic views in the context of freedom of speech. Should we allow people with such views express their opinion on the internet? Explain how we can make the internet safer for children. What types of discrimination are present in the modern world? Do we realize all possible ways of discrimination? Provide your audience with information on discrimination by age. Why we can’t just deport Hispanic immigrants? Tell about the reasons why immigrants from Mexico and other countries come to the US. Mention examples of Mexicans who work hard in the US, making their contribution to the economy. Compare Barak Obama’s and Donald Trump’s positions on this issue. Why should same-sex marriage be legal? Why should we allow gay couples to adopt children? Support your point with examples from states where gay marriages are legal. Why should we support the system of birth control? What methods of birth control are most effective? Tell why birth control is good for society and provide examples from various countries. Incarceration. Provide examples of the effective and ineffective use of incarceration. What are benefits and drawbacks of incarceration? Should women make a proposal? Explain why everybody must be able to propose marriage and express feelings. Interesting Persuasive Speech Topics for High School Benefits of learning foreign languages. How can foreign languages can help in education? What career opportunities you get when you know a foreign language? Why do people like to travel? Does it help in developing certain qualities and skills? Mention the importance of new experiences for our psychological state. What can students do if they want to travel but don’t have enough money for it? Why is Bora Bora a perfect place to spend your holidays? Tell about its climate and provide other important information about the island. What is the influence of devices on kids? Many experts state that devices make them lazy. Find reliable sources and provide examples of such an impact of electronic gadgets. Mention such problems as decreased social activity, obesity, anxiety, and isolation. Texting while driving. Why is it dangerous? Provide your audience with statistical data on car accidents caused by drivers who were texting. Compare these statistics with data on driving on drugs and alcohol. Human-animal hybrids. Should scientists be allowed to create them? Why? Focus on ethical and practical aspects of this issue. What is the difference between animals and human-like beings? Why it’s important to use alternative energy sources? Describe how solar panels work and why we should use them instead of traditional technologies. Focus on the environmental and economic issues. Do we need to prohibit the use of animals in circus performances? Provide examples of trainers abusing their animals and examples of good treatment. Why do we need to stop plastic pollution? Find information on how plastic decomposes and how much time it takes. What eco-friendly technologies can help us stop pollution? What recycling technologies we can use? Positive aspects of electric cars. Why should we buy them instead of traditional vehicles? How can electric cars help us stop air pollution? What disadvantages they have? For example, describe the process of battery utilization. Funny Topics for a High School Persuasive Speech Find some evidence that UFOs exist. Begin your speech with skeptical arguments and then refute them from the ufologists’ perspective. Why should we stop tipping waiters? Focus on the fact that, by tipping, we motivate employers to pay minimum wages. Mention Japanese traditions ? Japanese waiters consider tipping as an insult. Why do we need to spend less time with our devices? Provide statistical data on how much time we spend surfing the web. What hard do mobile devices cause? How can we spend less time in social media? Why should we eat Chinese food with chopsticks? Find interesting information about the history of Chinese kitchen and etiquette. Imagine yourself a Big Brother and write a speech from this person. Try to make it a hate speech. Focus on some country that is currently at war and describe how people hate each other and why you like it. The moon landing was a lie. Choose any conspiracy theory about the fake mission and tell how the â€Å"fake† video with Neil Armstrong was filmed. Don’t forget to mention the fluttering flag. Why are GMOs actually good? Many people believe that GMOs cause various diseases, including cancer. Find reliable sources that prove the complete safety of GMO products. Why should we realize that ghosts are real? Present evidence that ghosts are real. Find some shocking photos and videos as well as interviews with people who claim that they have seen ghosts. Why pit bulls have a bad reputation? Provide your audience with information on the history of these dogs and refute common misconceptions about them. Abstinence is a perfect way to protect yourself from STDs or pregnancy. Present statistical data on the efficiency of abstinence compared to common contraceptives. Tell how abstinence can improve a marriage. If you can’t find any topic that looks interesting to you, check some creative ideas for a persuasive speech in high school: We need censorship in music. Orange juice is good for your health. We need law regulation for graffiti. Weed must be legal. Public broadcasting. Small stores are better than malls. We must drive slower. We should buy generics instead of brand name products. The best movie in history. Angels exist. Benefits of learning CPR. We must use public transport instead of personal cars. Agenda-setting in media. We need larger counties. Why we must read more. We should stop wearing tight pants. Stomach stapling. Darfur crisis. Benefits of joining the army. Smoking in public. Drinking is dangerous for society. Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Columbus Day. Build a strong family. Public bathrooms must be cleaner. Benefits of buying security systems. How to avoid food with artificial hormones. Live your life as good as you can. Alternatives for prisons. Why religious cults are dangerous. Reincarnation is real. We need to completely reduce secondhand smoke by making a smoke-free environment. Benefits of the Greek system. We need a strict system of regulations for the internet. We can fix potholes. France boycott. Why we need to ban fireworks. We need more strict laws for advertising. Good sides of state lotteries. We should ban aggressive driving. Why you should be who you really are. The best TV show ever. We must ban Ticketmaster. Why we don’t need sin taxes. The importance of bachelorette and bachelor parties. We shouldn’t use shock therapy. The government must control freedom of speech. Share the road with bicycles. Find Even More Topics for Your Persuasive Speech on Our Website! We know that sometimes it’s hard to find a good topic for your high school speech. If you think that you’re never going to make it, don’t worry and contact us. Place an order and our experts will find a perfect topic and prepare an impressive persuasive speech for you. Describe your task in details and our writers will deliver you the exact content you are looking for.

I don't have any topic, you have to choose the topic and write it Essay

I don't have any topic, you have to choose the topic and write it please - Essay Example Many students are feeling lots of prospects from their family and school to achieve the best position and marks. Students are afraid by feeling pessimistic during exams, such condition draw them into the exam stress and then nervous breakdown. Exam stress is a genuine problem for many students. The signs of stress can be exposed in various ways.  Ã‚  Common signs of exam stress include Nausea, headaches, continuous sleepiness, violence, depression, excess drinking, eating or smoking and some time chest pains also (Crystal).  The exam seasons always bearing lots of stress clouds for the students which frightens them every time. Mainly the exam stress acquired by the students, who are anxious of not being able to revise entire syllabus earlier than the exam time and worried to get good result in the exams. Many research studies have done by various scientist and institutions each year to identified the ratio of nervous breakdown among children. According to the children’s commissioner, half of 8 to 17 year aged students are anxious about their educational performances (Loveys). Freshly a study from the University and College Counsellors Association came which developed a worrying conclusion that the psychological fitness of students has considered to be inferior to the general population.  Ã‚  The research revealed that, â€Å"30% to 50% of students experience shifting phases of anxiety and depression.† Manchester University  estimated the result of a survey that 53% of students had anxiety at a pathological level.  Ã‚  Exam stress thought to be the main cause which linked with the today’s fashion, moved towards perfectionism culture (Crystal). Dr Maggie Atkinson said that the youngsters acquired great pressure to attained good marks and exam ranks by their ambitious parents as well as schools (Loveys). Vicki Abeles commented on the issue of educational stress that today’s educational system is not generating independent thinkers which will

The Managemetn and Control of Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Managemetn and Control of Quality - Essay Example A company can improve its cash inflow in the form of profits if Six Sigma is deployed systematically and in right areas. The Six Sigma experts continuously work on reducing the defects in order to reach a situation of zero defects in an organization. Six Sigma is applied in an organization in two methods, the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) and the DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify) methods. The Six Sigma DMADV approach focuses on the process redesign based on the short falls. The DMADV technique works by developing different alternative models for quality improvement. The DMAIC technique focuses on process improvement in an organization. The DMAIC technique is used in an organization to rejuvenate the least effective process and product. This is focused on improving the future performance on making sufficient improvement in the current activity level. Six Sigma is an approach that is used in all sorts of business and other production areas where q uality improvement is needed. The quality of the Six Sigma approach has made many business entities including GE implement the process. This process includes Define the problem, Measure what you care about, Analyze or Statistically find root causes, Improve or Mobilize change initiatives, and Control or Sustain improvements (DMAIC). In the first phase, teams aim to identify the problems that are related to the business and business satisfaction. Efforts are taken to relate the customer issues with the general business process by the factors of CTQ. In order to get the total result of the process the team establishes project charters, identifies the required resources, and finds the leadership approvals. In the next phase the team identifies the deficiencies of the current process and takes remedial measures. A good understanding of the customer expectations is made possible to establish the out of specification conditions. The characteristic feature of the Six Sigma process of GE is that even the beginners are a ble to meet the challenges of acquiring the concepts and that the time required for complex calculations is made the minimum possible. In the third phase, the root causes of the present defects are identified by the analysis based on which prioritized list of factors influencing the expected result is prepared. For this, various tools like multivariate analysis, test for normality, ANOVA, correlation, and regression etc are made use as the tools. In the next phase, teams seek out best possible solution and build up a plan action to implement the solution. On the basis of the test to confirm the solution, the process is modified and the effect of the result is analyzed. In the final stage, control charting techniques are used in order to improve the current measures. The measures adopted in this stage help to check the possible recurring of the problems. In this stage the approach leads to long term payoffs in quality and monetary terms. The GE employees are trained effectively in th is process and the teams are able to check the business problems applying the concepts of the program to the problem. The competency level that starts from Green Belts is

Religion as a Gothic Element in American Romanticism Essay -- Romantici

Religion as a Gothic Element in American Romanticism American Romanticism can be strongly defined through its use of Gothic elements. Webster’s defines gothic as "of or relating to a style of fiction characterized by the use of desolate or remote settings and macabre, mysterious, or violent incidents" (529). Pre-American Romantic writers, such as Anne Bradstreet and Jonathan Edwards, do not tend towards the gothic in their writings of religion and religious elements. Although God is mysterious to both writers, they maintain certain characteristics and aspects expected of them and their religion. They keep their texts true to their beliefs. However, Mary Rowlandson begins a transition phase for the writers of this period. She begins to view God and religion in a darker and /more mysterious manner. By the time James Fenimore Cooper is writing, he blurs religion between two different religions. The Christian and the Indian God becomes mixed, along with their heaven. Whereas the earlier writers tend to understand and accept their Go d, the writers in the American Romantic period re-create their God adding a gothic twist to their religion and beliefs. Anne Bradstreet believes if she lives her life the way God meant her to live it, things will work out fine for her. She writes, "About 16, the Lord laid His hand sore upon me and smote me with the smallpox. When I was in my affliction, I besought the Lord and confessed my pride and vanity, and He was entreated of me and again restored me" (145). Bradstreet has a traditional view about God. She believes if she lives her life as a good person, she will be rewarded for it. If she lives her life full of pride and vanity, then she will pay the consequences. The good and just are rewarded ... ...us. Cora and Uncas end up together. There is the traditional romantic ending of riding off into the sunset, but into a Heaven which accepts both Indians and whites equally, adding elements of the gothic. Works Cited Bradstreet, Anne. "To My Dear Children." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 1999. 144-147. Cooper, James Fenimore. The Last of the Mohicans. New York: Viking Penguin Inc, 1986. Edwards, Jonathan. "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 1999. 200-211. "Gothic." Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. 1991 ed. Rowlandson, Mary. "A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 1999. 148-164.

Nursing Care of a Patient Diagnosed with Pneumonia Essay

Patient Description Patient is a Caucasian 83 year old female that came into the emergency department from Wynwood assisted living facility with an increase of fatigue, worsening confusion and a 1 day history of a fever. Patient weighs approximately 90 pounds upon admission with a height of 64 inches. Patient has known COPD and is a former heavy smoker that also has a history of pneumonia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and dementia. Upon presentation to the emergency department patient has had increased nasal drainage and cough. Patient came into the hospital about a year and a half ago with a diagnosis of right lower lobe pneumonia. Patient was arousable, alert and pleasant, but not a good historian and appears to be quite emaciated. Patient at first had a non productive cough and was put on anti-biotics and began to have a productive cough 2 days post admission. Patient had dyspnea, increase respiration rate, difficulty talking, coarse lungs, and had decreased SpO2 with activity. Patient lived in Wynwood assisted living facility where she lived almost independently. Patient was able to get around her apartment with a front wheel walker and provided her own care of activities of daily living. With this admission, hospital staff did not recommend patient going back to assisted living as she would not be able to take care of her self until her mobility is back to her normal limits and the dyspnea is decreased. Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective airway clearance r/t bronchospasm, excessive mucous production, tenacious secretions, fatigue AMB dyspnea, increase RR (28), difficulty talking, inability to raise secretions, ineffective cough, adventitious breath sounds. Goals A. Pt will demonstrate effective coughing and clear breath sounds by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) and until discharge. B. Pt will continue to have cyanotic free skin by end of shift on 5/14/10 (2 days) and until discharge. C. Pt will maintain a patent airway at all times by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) and until discharge. D. Pt will relate methods to enhance secretion removal (drinking warm fluids) by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) and until discharge. E. Pt will relate the significance of changes in sputum to include color, character, amount and odor by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) until discharge. Interventions| Rationale| 1. RN will auscultate breath sounds Q4 hrs and PRN until discharge. 2. RN and CNA will monitor respiratory patterns, including rate, depth, and effort Q4 hr and PRN until discharge. 3. RN will monitor blood gas values as available and pulse oxygen saturation levels Q8 hr and PRN until discharge. 4. RN and CNA will position the client to optimize respiration (HOB elevated 45 degrees and repositioned every 2 hrs) and PRN until discharge. 5. RN and CNA will help the pt deep breathe and perform controlled coughing Q2hrs until discharge. 6. RN will help the pt use the forced expiratory technique, the â€Å"huff cough†. The pt does a series of coughs while saying the word huff q4hr and PRN until discharge. 7. RN or CNA will assist with clearing secretions from pharynx by offering tissues and gentle suction of the oral pharynx if necessary Q4 hr and PRN until discharge. 8. RN will observe sputum, noting color, odor and volume PRN until discharge.9. RN and CNA will encourage activity and ambulation as tolerated TID and PRN until discharge. 10. RN and CNA will encourage fluid intake of up to 2500 mL/day within cardiac or renal reserve Q2 hrs and PRN until discharge. 11. RN will administer oxygen as ordered until discharge12. RN or RT will administer medications such as bronchodilators or inhaled steroids as ordered until discharged. 13. RN and CNA will monitor the patient’s behavior and mental status for the onset of restlessness, agitation, confusion and extreme lethargy twice a shift and PRN until discharge date. 14. RN and CNA will observe for cyanosis of the skin twice a shift and PRN until discharge. 15. RN or CNA will position patient over bedside table for acute dyspnea PRN until discharge. 16. RN & CNA will help pt eat frequent small meals and  use dietary supplements PRN until discharge. 17. RN will teach pt energy conservation techniques and the importance of alternating rest periods with activity by end of shift tomorrow and PRN until discharge.| 1. â€Å"The presence of coarse crackles during late inspiration indicates fluid in the airway; wheezing indicates a narrowed airway† (Simpson, 2006, p. 487).2. â€Å"A normal respiratory rate for an adult without dyspnea is 12-16. With secretions in the airway, the respiratory rate will increase† (Simpson, 2006, p. 486). 3. â€Å"An oxygen saturation of less than 90% or a partial pressure of oxygen of less than 80 indicates significant oxygenation problems† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 125).4. â€Å"An upright position allows for maximal lung expansion; lying flat cause abdominal organs to shift toward the chest, which crowds the lungs and makes it more difficult to breathe† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 125).5. â€Å"This technique can help increase sputum clearance and decrease cough spasms. Controlled coughing was the diaphragmatic muscles, making the cough more forceful and effective† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 125).6. â€Å"This technique prevents the glottis from closing during the cough and is effective in clearing secretions in the central airways† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).7. â€Å"In the debilitated client, gentle suctioning of the posterior pharynx may stimulate coughing and removing secretions† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).8. â€Å"Normal sputu m is clear or gray and minimal; abnormal sputum is green, yellow, or bloody; malodorous; and often copious† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126). 9. â€Å"Body movements helps mobilize secretions and can be a powerful means to maintain lung health† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).10. â€Å"Fluids help minimize mucosal drying and maximize ciliary action to move secretions. Some pts cannot tolerate increased fluids because of underlying disease† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).11. â€Å"Oxygen has been shown to correct hypoxia, which can be caused by retained respiratory secretions† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).12. â€Å"Bronchodilators decrease airway resistance secondary to broncho-constriction† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).13. â€Å"Changes in behavior and mental status can be early signs of impaired gas exchange. In the late stages the patient becomes lethargic and somnolent† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 388).14. â€Å"Central cyanosis of the tongue and oral mucosa is indicative of serious hypoxia and is a medical emergency. Peripheral cyanosis in the extremities may or may not be serious†Ã‚  (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 388). 15. â€Å"Leaning forward can help decrease dyspnea, possibly because gastric pressure allows better contraction of the diaphragm. This is called the tripod position and is used during times of distress† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 388).16. â€Å"Improved nutrition can help increase muscle aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance. Nutritional problems in clients with COPD can be visual; early identification of clients at risk is essential to maintaining BMI† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 389).17. â€Å"Fatigue is a common symptom of COPD and needs to be assessed and managed† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 390).| Article Summary In the Article, â€Å"Respiratory Assessment,† by Heidi Simpson, intends for the audience to be nurses already working in the field. This article gives an order of a respiratory assessment that works for any nurse, whether they are a new graduating nurse or a nurse who has been working for years. This journal article gives all the required elements in order to do a full respiratory assessment which includes the â€Å"initial assessment, history taking, inspection, palpitation, percussion, auscultation, and further investigations† (Simpson, 2006, p. 484). This article is a general information article that focuses towards all and any patient population as all of our patients need to have a respiratory assessment done. This article gives a good breakdown of a respiratory assessment in which I currently use in practice. The article can be a good reminder of how an accurate respiratory assessment should be done and how to get good results in the technique a nurse may use. References Sanford, J.T. & Jacobs, M. (2008). Impaired gas exchange. In B.J. Ackley & G.B. Ladwig (Eds.) Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (8th ed., pp. 388-390). St Louis, MO: Elsevier. Sanford, J.T. & Jacobs, M. (2008). Ineffective airway clearance. In B.J. Ackley & G.B. Ladwig (Eds.) Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (8th ed., pp. 124-129). St Louis, MO: Elsevier. Simpson, H. (2006). Respiratory assessment. British Journal of Nursing (BJN), 15(9), 484-488. Retrieved from CINAHL with full text database.